The Making of Chess Brotherhoods

Looking at the expanse of the Black chess world, there apparently exists the desire to sharpen one’s game on those friends who are considered to be worthy opponents. Steel sharpens steel, the saying goes.

Chicago Chess Clashes

In the early to mid 80s, Chicago had a raging debate on whether the brothers on the south side were stronger than those on the north side. The north siders were the gambling blitz demons, while the south siders were a strong lot of former scholastic stars. Of course, everyone knew that NM Marvin Dandridge, the ultra-sharp tactician, was “king of the hill” on either side! That is. . . until another south sider, FM Morris Giles came out of retirement!

BFOC member Tyrone Lee (standing right) chats with John Porter while BFOCers Frank Johnson and Kent Williams have a blitz battle. Photo by Daaim Shabazz.

I (Daaim Shabazz, south sider) had received a phone call one evening from Tyrone Lee who spoke of having a tournament to discover who, among the dozen or more Black “Candidate Masters,” was the strongest. Being the confident junior that I was, I almost suggested that I could give him an answer without a tournament! For a number of reasons, the tournament never took place. There had been Chicago chess clubs run by Black players in mid 80s: Eric Johnson’s Chicago Chess and Gammon in Hyde Park and Pawn to King Four on North Halsted.

For many years, a loose network of Chicago players would get together and engage in fierce battles. . . mostly for stakes. FM Emory Tate, an Indiana native, would often visit for these spirited battles. Billy Turner of Ohio has also made the trek to “lock horns.” Chicago native John Porter has sought to formalize the “Brotherhood Fraternity of Chess,” (or BFOC) and establish a network stretching across the country.

(L-R) FM Emory Tate, Sam Ford, Billy Turner, Frank Johnson, and Daaim Shabazz
at 2001 National Open in Las Vegas.
Copyright © 2001, Frank Johnson.

Theme Tournaments (New York)

In New York, FM (now GM) Maurice Ashley launched a powerful idea which began with a letter dated, 8 February 1992. It was a call for a tournament comprised of the top Black players in the U.S., “. . . to educate, uplift, and unify the strongest players of African descent in the U.S.” Maurice’s letter expressed a concern about the fragmentation in the African-American chess community. The concept was, “Together we stand – divided we get mated!”

The first of the four Unity Chess Tournaments took place in New York on 22 February 1992 and included a number of strong Masters including: FM Ashley, FM Ron Simpson, NM Mark Meeres (now deceased), and NM Jerald Times. In the three that followed, other Masters and Experts participated.

Some were: NM Wilbert Paige (now deceased), NM Ernest Colding, NM Norman Rogers, NM Elvin Wilson, Willie “Pop” Johnson, David Diamond, Nathan Jackson (later made Master), Vincent Munro, and Jeffrey Mitchell. In addition to these historic tournaments, the competitive atmosphere persisted with several New York-Philly interstate battles.

Willie ‘Pop’ Johnson vs. FM Ron Simpson (front)
NM Elvin Wilson vs. FM Maurice Ashley

By now, you may have heard of the Wilbert Paige Memorial tournament. This tournament is certainly historic, but has a forerunner. In 1993, Jones Murphy (a Candidate Master) conceived an idea of holding tournaments in which Black Masters can compete for norms. The Murphy – ACF International was the name of the tournament designed to harness the collective talents of players of African descent.

After a dedicated effort, funding was secured, arrangements were made and the first of two Murphy – ACF International tournaments was held in March 1994. Participants in this historic event were: IM Maurice Ashley, NM Norman Rogers, NM George O. Umezinwa, and NM Deon Solomons of South Africa.

NM Norman “Pete” Rogers vs. NM George O. Umezinwa
First Murphy APC International tournament, 1994
Copyright © 2001, Jerry Bibuld

Pan-African Flavor!

There have been other “clashes” such as those that often occur in Jamaica between the National Masters and the top juniors. In addition, there are “Masters Knock-out” tournaments that feature Jamaica’s top brass. What results are intriguing theoretical battles that Jamaicans enjoy? In other areas, “friendly” matches have been arranged such as the classic Barbados-Trinidad match. . . won handily by the “Bajans.”

In Africa, Uganda recently took a group of 18 players to Kenya to participate in the Eldoret tournament. The Zambians recently traveled to clash with the mighty IMs of Angola. There is something special about the increased activity amongst players of African descent. With the rise of young stars IM Amon Simutowe (Zambia), IM Robert Gwaze (Zimbabwe), and NM Warren Elliott (Jamaica), collaborative efforts and friendly matches can serve as valuable training grounds for producing chess excellence.

In his famous aforementioned letter, Maurice Ashley (now a GM) presented the following charge that can apply to the entire Black chess world:

“Make no mistake about it; we must stop nothing short of the World Championship title. But the longest journey begins with one single step. What is the first step? More National Masters, more Senior Masters, some International Masters (for crying out loud!), and inevitably a handful of Grand Masters. Unrealistic? Not at all!”